Therapeutic Potential of Moringa oleifera in the Treatment of Hypertension and Its Associated Symptoms: A Systematic Literature Review

Abstract

Hypertension represents one of the major global health problems, and a cardiovascular disease risk factor is a public health concern. The use of conventional drugs is effective, but they have adverse effects, resulting in the search for complementary, safer therapies. Moringa oleifera, a nutrient-rich and bioactive source, has now been discovered to be a potential natural remedy with cardioprotective potential by affecting blood pressure and vascular function. The phytochemical composition of the plant is reviewed, the multiple mechanisms (ACE inhibition, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions, diuretic effects, and endothelial function improvement) are described, and the significant outcomes across different study designs are summarized. Parameter, nutritional, and bioactive mechanisms are compared and presented in comprehensive tables. Although dosing, methodology, and heterogeneity all exist, the overall evidence indicates significant decreases in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure, improvement in nitric oxide availability, and decreased oxidative stress on supplementing with M. oleifera. However, further extended, large-scale, standardized clinical trials are needed to confirm its efficacy and safety.