AFIFUDDIN LATIF ADIREDJO*, RESPATIJARTI, DAMANHURI AND NOER RAHMI ARDIARINI
Plant Breeding Laboratory, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Brawijaya University, Jl. Veteran,
Malang 65145, Indonesia
*(e-mail : al.adiredjo@ub.ac.id; Mobile : +62 895 1459 1115)
(Received : January 15, 2020; Accepted; May 18, 2020)
ABSTRACT
This study was carried out to estimate heterosis effects on the morphological and agronomical traits in four rice cultivars and their F1 hybrids as well as to analyze genetic distance of parent cultivars. The research was conducted at the Screen House and Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia, from September 2017 until February 2018. The parental rice cultivars consisted of gogo-dryland variety, namely, Situ Bagendit and Towuti, and paddy-field variety, namely, Ciherang and Cibogo. The F1 hybrids were F1SBCH, F1SBCB, F1TWCH and F1TWCB. Data were accomplished by single plot design method on morphological traits i. e. plant height, leaf number and panicle length, and agronomical traits i. e. number of tillers, number of productive tillers, heading date, harvest date, weight of 100 grains and grain yield. To analyze genetic distance, four primers i. e. RM219, RM260, RM525 and RM318 were employed. The results showed that all F1 hybrids tended to exhibit negative heterosis value. The estimates of heterosis, relative to mid- and high-parental values reflected desirable effect with negative signs on all F1 hybrids for the character of plant height and heading date. Meanwhile, only F1TWCB exhibited negative heterosis for harvest date, and only F1SBCH showed positive heterosis value for panicle length. On the contrary, the rest of studied characters gave negative heterosis values. Furthermore, the genetic distance was found not to have any relationship with heterosis since all F1 hybrids had negative heterosis values regardless of their respective parents genetic distance values.
Key words : Rice, F1 hybrids, heterosis, genetic distance